General Engineering
Slope, Grade, and Gradient Converter
Convert slope between decimal rise/run, percent grade, degrees, and horizontal-to-vertical ratio.
Live unit conversion
Converted value
1.1457628
deg
2 % = 1.1457628 deg
Conversion Basis
Civil drawings express slope in several ways. A 2% grade means 0.02 vertical per 1 horizontal, while a 3H:1V slope means 1 vertical per 3 horizontal. Degrees use the arctangent of decimal slope.
percent = 100 x rise/run; angle = arctan(rise/run); H:1V = 1/(rise/run)
Common Examples
- 2% = 1.14576 deg
- 3H:1V = 33.3333%
- 45 deg = 1H:1V
Engineering Use and Limitations
- A ratio written 3H:1V is entered as 3 in the H:1V field.
- Confirm whether a drawing uses vertical-to-horizontal or horizontal-to-vertical notation before entering the ratio.
- Slope direction and sign are not evaluated; this tool converts the numerical gradient.
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